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How to backup to a removable drive or an intermittent server |
Occasional backups
A common situation is backing up to a repository that's only sometimes online. For instance, you might send most of your backups to the cloud, but occasionally you want to plug in an external hard drive or backup to your buddy's sometimes-online server for that extra level of redundancy.
But if you run borgmatic and your hard drive isn't plugged in, or your buddy's server is offline, then you'll get an annoying error message and the overall borgmatic run will fail (even if individual repositories complete just fine).
So what if you want borgmatic to swallow the error of a missing drive or an offline server, and continue trucking along? That's where the concept of "soft failure" come in.
Soft failure command hooks
This feature leverages borgmatic command hooks, so first familiarize yourself with them. The idea is that you write a simple test in the form of a borgmatic hook to see if backups should proceed or not.
The way the test works is that if any of your hook commands return a special exit status of 75, that indicates to borgmatic that it's a temporary failure, and borgmatic should skip all subsequent actions for that configuration file. If you return any other status, then it's a standard success or error. (Zero is success; anything else other than 75 is an error).
So for instance, if you have an external drive that's only sometimes mounted,
declare its repository in its own separate configuration
file,
say at /etc/borgmatic.d/removable.yaml
:
location:
source_directories:
- /home
repositories:
- /mnt/removable/backup.borg
Then, write a before_backup
hook in that same configuration file that uses
the external findmnt
utility to see whether the drive is mounted before
proceeding.
hooks:
before_backup:
- findmnt /mnt/removable > /dev/null || exit 75
What this does is check if the findmnt
command errors when probing for a
particular mount point. If it does error, then it returns exit code 75 to
borgmatic. borgmatic logs the soft failure, skips all further actions in that
configurable file, and proceeds onward to any other borgmatic configuration
files you may have.
You can imagine a similar check for the sometimes-online server case:
location:
source_directories:
- /home
repositories:
- me@buddys-server.org:backup.borg
hooks:
before_backup:
- ping -q -c 1 buddys-server.org > /dev/null || exit 75
Caveats and details
There are some caveats you should be aware of with this feature.
- You'll generally want to put a soft failure command in the
before_backup
hook, so as to gate whether the backup action occurs. While a soft failure is also supported in theafter_backup
hook, returning a soft failure there won't prevent any actions from occuring, because they've already occurred! Similiarly, you can return a soft failure from anon_error
hook, but at that point it's too late to prevent the error. - Returning a soft failure does prevent further commands in the same hook from executing. So, like a standard error, it is an "early out". Unlike a standard error, borgmatic does not display it in angry red text or consider it a failure.
- The soft failure only applies to the scope of a single borgmatic configuration file. So put anything that you don't want soft-failed, like always-online cloud backups, in separate configuration files from your soft-failing repositories.
- The soft failure doesn't have to apply to a repository. You can even perform a test to make sure that individual source directories are mounted and available. Use your imagination!
- The soft failure feature also works for
before_prune
,after_prune
,before_check
, andafter_check
hooks. However it is not implemented forbefore_everything
orafter_everything
.